Table 2 Procedural outcome results

Operative time (min)

81.1 ± 20.7

91.1 ± 21.6

0.011

Fluoroscopy time (min)

21.7 ± 4.4

33.7 ± 14.0

0.010

DAP (Gy · cm²)-fluoro

184.7 (119.1–271.5)

257.9 (181.6–342.5)

0.004

DAP (Gy · cm²)-total

473.8 (345.3–666.7)

510.1 (416.0–727.5)

0.079

Total contrast medium volume (mL)

163.9 ± 17.3

170.4 ± 16.4

0.443

Hand-injected contrast medium volume (mL)

15.1 ± 5.7

23.7 ± 10.8

0.028