Table 3 Detailed histopathological evaluation/assessment according to the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology and the Association for European Cardiovascular Pathology guidelines (9)
All patient | Redos | Controls | P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall Medial Degeneration, n | 141 | 21 | 120 | 1 | ||||
Severity, mean (SD) | 2.4 (0.6) | 2.4 (0.5) | 2.4 (0.6) | 0.891 | ||||
Mucoid Extracellular Matrix Accumulation, n | 141 (100%) | 21 (100%) | 120 (100%) | 1 | ||||
Extent, mean (SD) | 2.0 (0.4) | 2.0 (0.4) | 2.0 (0.4) | 0.800 | ||||
Severity, mean (SD) | 2.0 (0.6) | 2.0 (0.6) | 2.0 (0.6) | 0.908 | ||||
Elastic Fiber Fragmentation And/Or Loss, n | 141 (100%) | 21 (100%) | 120 (100%) | 1 | ||||
Extent, mean (SD) | 2.0 (0.5) | 2.1(0.5) | 1.9 (0.5) | 0.043 | ||||
Severity, mean (SD) | 2.0 (0.7) | 2.1 (0.7) | 1.9 (0.7) | 0.348 | ||||
Elastic Fiber Thinning, n | 86 (61.0%) | 15 (71.4%) | 71 (59.2%) | 0.339 | ||||
Extent, mean (SD) | 1.0 (0.9) | 1.2 (0.9) | 1.0 (0.9) | 0.301 | ||||
Severity, mean (SD) | 0.9 (0.8) | 1.2 (0.9) | 0.9 (0.8) | 0.091 | ||||
Elastic Fiber Disorganization, n | 112 (79.4%) | 19 (90.5%) | 93 (77.5%) | 0.246 | ||||
Extent, mean (SD) | 1.3 (0.8) | 1.7 (0.8) | 1.2 (0.8) | 0.016 | ||||
Smooth Muscle Cell Nuclei Loss, n | 122 (86.5%) | 19 (90.5%) | 103 (85.8%) | 0.739 | ||||
Type, mean (SD) | 1.4 (0.7) | 1.5 (0.7) | 1.4 (0.7) | 0.616 | ||||
Extent, mean (SD) | 1.7 (0.9) | 1.8 (0.9) | 1.6 (0.9) | 0.409 | ||||
Laminal medial collapse, n | 78 (55.3%) | 11 (52.4%) | 67 (55.8%) | 0.815 | ||||
Type, mean (SD) | 0.7 (0.7) | 0.7 (0.7) | 0.7 (0.7) | 0.899 | ||||
Extent, mean (SD) | 0.9 (0.9) | 0.9 (1.0) | 0.9 (0.9) | 0.963 | ||||
Smooth muscle cell disorganization, n | 31 (22.0%) | 7 (33.3%) | 24 (20.0%) | 0.250 | ||||
Extent, mean (SD) | 0.3 (0.7) | 0.6 (0.9) | 0.3 (0.7) | 0.134 | ||||
Medial fibrosis, n | 19 (13.5%) | 4 (19.0%) | 15 (12.5%) | 0.486 | ||||
Extent, mean (SD) | 0.3 (0.7) | 0.3 (0.7) | 0.3 (0.7) | 0.458 | ||||
Severity, mean (SD) | 0.3 (0.7) | 0.3 (0.7) | 0.3 (0.7) | 0.455 | ||||
Foreign body giant cell reaction, n | 3 (2.1%) | 1 (4.8%) | 2 (1.7%) | 0.386 | ||||
Vaso vasorum medial thickening, n | 22 (15.6%) | 3 (14.3%) | 19 (15.8%) | 1 | ||||
Adventitial fibrosis, n | 26 (18.4%) | 5 (23.8%) | 21 (17.5%) | 0.543 | ||||
Atherosclerosis | ||||||||
Mild, n | 45 (31.9%) | 11 (52.4%) | 34 (28.3%) | 0.041 | ||||
Moderate, n | 42 (29.8%) | 2 (9.5%) | 40 (33.3%) | 0.037 | ||||
Severe, n | 21 (14.9%) | 2 (9.5%) | 19 (15.8%) | 0.740 | ||||
Atherosclerosis w/ Plaque Disruption and Surface Thrombus, n | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.8%) | 1 | ||||
Calcific atherosclerosis, n | 9 (6.4%) | 1 (4.8%) | 8 (6.7%) | 1 | ||||
Inflammation | ||||||||
Granulomatous/Giant cell pattern, n | 5 (3.5%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (4.2%) | 1 | ||||
Lymphoplasmacytic pattern, n | 24 (17.0%) | 3 (14.3%) | 21 (17.5%) | 1 | ||||
Mixed inflammatory pattern, n | 3 (2.1%) | 1 (4.8%) | 2 (1.7%) | 0.386 | ||||
Suppurative pattern, n | 5 (3.5%) | 1 (4.8%) | 4 (3.3%) | 0.559 | ||||