Table 1 Demographic and preoperative characteristics of the study population

Age (years)

67.14 ± 10.36

63.64 ± 12.50

64.42 ± 11.36

0.050^*

Male

102(87.5)

95(79.8)

94(79.7)

0.228

BMI

28.76 ± 4.49

28.82 ± 5.58

28.52 ± 5.08

0.891

EuroSCORE II

1.47[0.9–3.1]

1.50[0.9–2.8]

1.60[1.1–4.55]

0.102

New York Heart Association III–IV

15(11.2)

12(10.1)

8(6.8)

0.299

Comorbidities

 Pulmonary hypertension^a

22(18.8)

22(18.5)

32(27.1)

0.187

 Acute kidney injury^a

13(11.1)

8(6.7)

12(10.2)

0.474

 Diabetes mellitus

40(34.2)

33(27.7)

33(28)

0.472

 Arterial hypertension

91(77.8)

71(59.7)

72(61.0)

0.005^†,‡

 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

7(6)

6(5)

7(5.9)

0.940

 Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction^a

30(25.6)

28(23.9)

26(22.2)

0.829

 Peripheral vascular disease

30(25.6)

25(21.0)

20(16.9)

0.264

Procedures

 Urgent surgery^a

26(22.2)

19(16.0)

19(16.1)

0.363

 Coronary artery bypass graft with CPB

66(56.4)

54(45.4)

20(16.9)

 < 0.001^§

 Coronary artery bypass graft without CPB

31(26.5)

6(5.0)

4(3.4)

 < 0.001^§

 Simple valve

10(8.5)

28(23.5)

31(26.3)

0.001^§

 Complex surgery^a

10(8.5)

31(26.1)

64(54.2)

 < 0.001^§

Intraoperative data

 Cardiopulmonary bypass duration (min)^b

67[51–94.75]

74[53.50–99.50]

98[72.75–136]

 < 0.001^†,‡

 Cross-clamping time (min)^b

44[33.5–67]

51[37.5–77.5]

74[56.25–106.5]

 < 0.001^†,‡

 CPB Fusion membrane^b

24(20.5)

40(33.6)

69(58.5)

 < 0.001^§

Intraoperative fluid balance (mL)

770[232.5–1275]

745[350–1255]

632.5[− 18.25–1290]

0.350