Clinical relevance of transcranial Doppler in a cardiac surgery setting: embolic load predicts difficult separation from cardiopulmonary bypass

Table 3 Postoperative outcomes

	LEM (n = 117) (Below 133)	MEM (n = 119) (≥ 133 and 413)	HEM (n = 118) ≥ 413)	P value
Duration of mechanical ventilation (h)	3[2–5]	3[2–4]	3[2–5.25]	0.483
TPOD (h)^a	9[4-24]	7[3–27]	21.5[6.75–50.25]	< 0.001*^†
Acute kidney injury (%)^a	41(35)	36(30.3)	49(41.5)	0.191
Vasopressor time (h)^a	9[2–22.5]	6[2–23]	16[3–40.5]	0.013 *^†
Length of stay in the ICU (days)	1[1–3]	2[1–3]	2[1–4]	0.022 ^†
Length of hospital stay (days)	5[4–7]	5[5–7]	6[5–8]	0.157
Death	0(0)	2(1.7)	6(5.1)	0.028 ^†

^aSee Additional File 1: Table S1
^*Difference between the LEM and HEM group
^†Difference between the High and Moderate HITS group
CPB cardiopulmonary bypass, HEM high quantity of embolic material, HITS high-intensity transient signal, ICU intensive care unit, LEM low quantity of embolic material, MEM high quantity of embolic material, TPOD Time with Persistent Organ Dysfunction

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