Table 1 Preoperative and intraoperative factors
Variable | Overall (n = 485)a | ALE-absent (n = 276)a | ALE-present (n = 209)a | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 65.6 (11.0) | 64.5 (11.0) | 67.0 (10.9) | 0.016b |
Sex | 0.003c | |||
Male | 274 (56%) | 140 (51%) | 134 (64%) | |
Female | 211 (44%) | 136 (49%) | 75 (36%) | |
BMI | 23.2 (3.7) | 23.6 (3.8) | 22.5 (3.5) | 0.001b |
Pack-year | 24.0 (29.8) | 20.9 (27.4) | 28.2 (32.2) | 0.009b |
%Predicted FEV1.0 | 73.8 (9.4) | 74.0 (8.8) | 73.4 (10.1) | 0.48b |
Emphysema present | 129 (27%) | 50 (18%) | 79 (38%) | < 0.001c |
DM present | 63 (13%) | 35 (13%) | 28 (13%) | 0.82c |
IVD history present | 35 (7.2%) | 16 (5.8%) | 19 (9.1%) | 0.17c |
Albumin [mg/dL] | 4.28 (0.34) | 4.29 (0.35) | 4.25 (0.32) | 0.15b |
Tumor size [cm] | 2.0 (1.2) | 1.9 (1.1) | 2.2 (1.4) | 0.017b |
Diagnosis | 0.50c | |||
Lung carcinoma | 447 (92%) | 252 (91%) | 195 (93%) | |
Metastasis/Benign | 38 (7.8%) | 24 (8.7%) | 14 (6.7%) | |
Lobe | 0.002c | |||
Lower/Middle | 203 (42%) | 132 (48%) | 71 (34%) | |
Upper | 282 (58%) | 144 (52%) | 138 (66%) | |
Approach | 0.31c | |||
RATS | 39 (8.0%) | 19 (6.9%) | 20 (9.6%) | |
VATS | 446 (92%) | 257 (93%) | 189 (90%) | |
Procedure | < 0.001c | |||
Segmentectomy | 241 (50%) | 170 (62%) | 71 (34%) | |
Lobectomy | 244 (50%) | 106 (38%) | 138 (66%) | |
Staff | 0.25c | |||
Doctor A | 250 (52%) | 136 (49%) | 114 (55%) | |
Doctor B | 235 (48%) | 140 (51%) | 95 (45%) | |
Year | 0.91c | |||
2015–2017 | 193 (40%) | 108 (39%) | 85 (41%) | |
2018–2019 | 148 (31%) | 84 (30%) | 64 (31%) | |
2019–2021 | 144 (30%) | 84 (30%) | 60 (29%) | |
Adhesion area | < 0.001c | |||
1. 0–20% | 451 (93%) | 269 (97%) | 182 (87%) | |
2. 30–50% | 24 (4.9%) | 6 (2.2%) | 18 (8.6%) | |
3. 60–100% | 10 (2.1%) | 1 (0.4%) | 9 (4.3%) | |
Incomplete fissure | < 0.001c | |||
Grade 1 | 380 (78%) | 234 (85%) | 146 (70%) | |
Grade 2 | 90 (19%) | 37 (13%) | 53 (25%) | |
Grade 3 | 13 (2.7%) | 5 (1.8%) | 8 (3.8%) | |
Grade 4 | 2 (0.4%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (1.0%) |