Table 3 Traditional clinical outcomes

Operative time (min), median (IQR)

50.00 (35.00–70.00)

70.00 (55.00-105.00)

< 0.001

50.00 (35.00–70.00)

65.00 (55.00-105.00)

0.001

Intraoperative bleeding (ml), median (IQR)

20.00 (20.00–50.00)

50.00 (20.00–50.00)

< 0.001

20.00 (20.00–50.00)

50.00 (20.00–50.00)

0.046

Drainage time (days), median (IQR)

2.00(2.00–3.00)

2.00(2.00–3.00)

0.706

2.00(2.00–3.00)

2.00(2.00–3.00)

0.454

Postoperative hospital stay (days), median (IQR)

4.00(3.00–4.00)

4.00 (3.00–4.00)

0.996

4.00(3.00–4.00)

4.00 (3.00–4.00)

0.762

Complications, n (%)

0.377

0.475

 No

60 (98.4)

271 (94.8)

49 (100.0)

47 (95.9)

 Yes^a

1 (1.6)

15 (5.2)

0 (0.0)

2 (4.1)

Total cost (RMB), median (IQR)

37021.89 (31981.50-41055.42)

404480.16 (35124.37-46639.53)

< 0.001

37021.98 (32468.05-41557.81)

40834.01 (37071.26-47602.72)

0.002