Table 2 Factors associated with the presence of hemodynamic valve deterioration (HVD) at 1 year (n = 74)

Characteristics

 Age (years)

71 ± 11

72 ± 10

0.75

 Female gender

14 (22%)

5 (50%)

0.11

 AHT

41 (64%)

9 (90%)

0.15

 Diabetes

11 (17%)

2 (20%)

1

Renal insufficiency (GFR < 60 ml/min)

8 (12%)

4 (40%)

0.05

 Marfan’s syndrome

1(2%)

0 (0%)

1

 Preoperative LVEF (%)

56 ± 10

51 ± 7

0.07

Indication

 Ascending aortic aneurysm

48 (75%)

9 (90%)

0.43

 Type A aortic dissection

5 (8%)

1 (10%)

1

 Acute endocarditis

11(17%)

0 (0%)

0.34

 Aortic valve regurgitation

29 (45%)

7 (70%)

0.18

 Aortic stenosis

13 (20%)

4 (40%)

0.22

 Bicuspid aortic valve

21 (33%)

4 (40%)

0.72

Surgical data

 Emergency

10 (16%)

1 (10%)

1

 Redo Surgery

17 (26%)

0 (0%)

0.10

 CPB time (min, mean)

112 ± 50

103 ± 40

0.55

 Aortic cross clamp time (min, mean)

87 ± 40

81 ± 32

0.76

 CABG

14 (22%)

2 (20%)

1

 Mitral valve procedure (repair/replacement)

3 (5%)

0 (0%)

1

 Tricuspid annuloplasty

2 (3%)

0 (0%)

1

 AF ablation and Left Atrial Appendage Closure

3 (5%)

1 (10%)

0.44

 Combination

28 (44%)

3 (30%)

0.50

Size of graft implanted

26 ± 2

25 ± 2

 < 0.01

23/ 25 mm graft

21 (33%)

8 (80%)

0.01

 Interrupted single, everting, pledged, reinforced U-stiches (intra-annular level) (vs Interrupted single, non-everting, pledged, reinforced U-stiches (supra-annular level)

40 (62%)

8 (80%)

0.47

Echocardiographic data

 Post-operative Vmax (m/s)

2.2 ± 0.5

2.5 ± 0.5

0.06

 Post-operative Mean gradient (mmHg)

12 ± 6

15 ± 6

0.11

 Post-operative aortic valve effective surface area (cm²)

1.8 ± 0.5

1.8 ± 0.6

0.99

 Post-operative indexed aortic effective surface area (cm²/m²⁾

1 ± 0.2

0.9 ± 0.3

0.91

1 Year Vmax (m/s)

2.3 ± 0.4

3.7 ± 0.7

 < 0.01

1 Year Mean gradient (mmHg)

12 ± 5

35 ± 14

 < 0.01

1 Year aortic valve effective surface area (cm²⁾

1.5 ± 0.5

0.8 ± 0.3

 < 0.01

1 Year aortic indexed effective surface area (cm²/m²⁾

0.8 ± 0.3

0.5 ± 0.1

 < 0.01

 1 Year LVEF (%)

58 ± 11

59 ± 6

1